靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)是氣體(ti)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)方(fang)法的(de)(de)一種。含塵(chen)(chen)氣體(ti)經過(guo)高壓靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場時(shi)被(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)離，塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)與負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)結(jie)合帶(dai)上(shang)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，趨(qu)向陽極表面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)沉積。在(zai)冶金、化學等工業中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)以凈化氣體(ti)或回收(shou)有(you)用(yong)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)。利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)氣體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離從而(er)使(shi)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸附到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)的(de)(de)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)方(fang)法。在(zai)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)(zhong)空氣分(fen)子(zi)(zi)被(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離為(wei)正離子(zi)(zi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)奔向正極過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)遇到塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)，使(shi)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸附到正極被(bei)收(shou)集。當(dang)然通過(guo)技術創(chuang)新，也有(you)采用(yong)負(fu)極板集塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)方(fang)式。以往常用(yong)于以煤(mei)為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)工廠、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，收(shou)集煙氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)煤(mei)灰和粉塵(chen)(chen)。冶金中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)于收(shou)集錫、鋅、鉛、鋁等的(de)(de)氧化物，也有(you)可以用(yong)于家居的(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)滅菌產品。

靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)凈化器(qi)利用(yong)(yong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離，產生大量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和離子(zi)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)向(xiang)(xiang)兩極(ji)移動(dong)(dong)，在(zai)移動(dong)(dong)過程中(zhong)碰(peng)到氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉塵顆粒(li)和細菌(jun)使(shi)其荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)顆粒(li)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力(li)作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)向(xiang)(xiang)自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板(ban)做運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)離子(zi)要向(xiang)(xiang)兩極(ji)移動(dong)(dong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)愈(yu)(yu)高(gao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度愈(yu)(yu)高(gao)，離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)速度愈(yu)(yu)快。由(you)(you)于(yu)離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，極(ji)間(jian)形成了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。開(kai)始時(shi)，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)離子(zi)少(shao)(shao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較少(shao)(shao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高(gao)到一定數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)獲得了較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量和速度，它(ta)們撞擊空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)性原子(zi)時(shi)，中(zhong)性原子(zi)會分(fen)(fen)解成正、負離子(zi)，這種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，由(you)(you)于(yu)連(lian)鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間(jian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)數大大增加，表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)（稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)）急劇(ju)增加，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)成了導體(ti)(ti)，高(gao)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)捕(bu)獲附(fu)帶細菌(jun)顆粒(li)，瞬(shun)間(jian)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿由(you)(you)蛋白質組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)細胞(bao)壁，達(da)到殺(sha)滅細菌(jun)吸附(fu)除塵。

普通凈化機采用濾紙來過濾空氣中的灰塵，極易堵塞濾孔，灰塵越積越多,不僅沒有滅菌效果，而且容易造成二次污染。而靜電除塵技術有以下幾個優點：

（1）除塵效率高；

（2）可(ke)以凈化較(jiao)大氣量(liang)；

（3）能夠(gou)除去(qu)的(de)粒子粒徑范圍較寬；

（4）可凈化溫度較(jiao)高含(han)塵煙氣；

（5）結構簡單，氣(qi)流速度低，壓力損失小(xiao)；

（6）能量(liang)消耗(hao)比其他類型除塵器低(di)；

（7）電(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)可以實現微機(ji)控制，遠(yuan)距(ju)離操作。